Online Inquiry System Free Essays

Introduction Now a day, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of computer. Now, with the advent of such modernization in prison, one way to globalize the process of research is to realized that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in prison is also vast. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Inquiry System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prison from old French â€Å"prisoun† which means an institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment. Prison is a place where people usually deprived of a range of personal freedoms. It is also organized for the safety of the prisoners and the management and to easily identify the prisoner’s information and the visitor who come and visit their relatives inside, that is why we make this system called Visitors Monitoring and Prisoners Information system. This system is for the Imus Municipal Jail. Statement of the problem * The Imus Municipal Jail lacks in an automated system for visitor’s monitoring. This is a problem causing them to a slow process and losing of data. * Time consuming because they can’t do other tasks. Security problems, records maybe lost due to lack of database. Objectives of the Study To make their system automated for fast use and for security purposes, and make it easier for them to monitor the visitors and prisoners and lessen their task. Time and Place of the Study July 23,2012 3:00 PM. The proponents prepared for the study by composing a letter to conduct a interview for the company at lobby of Cavite State University Imus Campus at July 25 around 1:00 PM at the proponents conducted an interview in Bureau of Imus Municipal Jail. After the proponents conducted an interview August 2,2012 9:32 AM they started constructing the 1st chapter. September 3,2012 4:00PM they start constructing the 2nd chapter of the research paper and then September 26,2012 1:00PM the proponents finish the chapter 3 and finish the documentation. Normalization Visitor visitor_code|cisitor_name|contact_no. |relationship|address|age Prisoner Inmate_code|inmate_name|relationship|address|case|date_imprison Visitor_code|inmate_code|control_number|datevisited Visitor_code|inmate_code|control_number|datevisited Employee Date visitor_code inmate_code date_visited remarks time visitor_code inmate_code date_visited remarks time A A Username, visitor_code Username, visitor_code Visitor Visitor If login is correct If login is correct A A No Stop Stop Logout Logout Reschedule visit Reschedule visit If prisoner exist If prisoner exist Check prisoner info Check prisoner info Yes Visit Visit No How to cite Online Inquiry System, Essay examples

Education in Social and Cultural Context-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Education in Social and Cultural Context. Answer: Introduction As per the Sustainable Development Goal Four, Target One, it has been stated that by the year 2010, every students should ensure free, equitable and quality education that would lead to relevant and effective learning results. Accordingly the historical, cultural and the structural factors in the context of Pakistan prevent the country from achieving the goals of the sustainable development. As per the United Nation Organization, education should be provided to every individual for the development of personality and also for strengthening the respect for the human rights and for fundamental freedoms (Dogar, Butt, Butt Qaisar, 2015). By applying the sociological imagination template and by addressing the educational problems in Pakistan, it is required that the country should apply methods to progress in education before the country achieves the Sustainable Goal four, target one. The thesis statement is that based on the historical, structural factors, there are barriers for achievin g SDG 4, T.1 by 2030 in Pakistan. Discussion Historical Factors In the context of history, Pakistan in its last decades encountered political disrupt, social instability, gender biased. In the year 1947, when Pakistan was established as a separate country, it had very weak administrative system with very little financial resources that could not able to provide education to the children. Therefore, the Government of Pakistan recommended free and compulsory education for all students (Aziz et al., 2014). It has also been stated that in the year 1971, education was being made universal right for all students in Pakistan, but because of inequality among boys and girls, girls were deprived from getting the education. Moreover, many schools were constructed but the quality of education remained poor and schools in the rural areas are deprived of all the facilities such as basic infrastructure, training facilities, teachers and more. This had hinders Pakistan from achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Four, target one. As per the report, it has b een stated that out of the overall population in Pakistan, only 48% of the population is literate that is not the half of the population (Akram, Afzal Ramay, 2017). Moreover, internal conflicts within the country also have a negative impact on the education system in the country. In the context of Pakistan, the country believes in its ideologies that derived from their Islamic religion and or them the fundamental source of education derives from the fundamental source of Islam. Apart from this, the country mainly focussed on the madressas system of education, which is basically attached to the mosque and provides education based on religion (Malik, 2017). This type of education is basically for the low income families that struggle to meet their basic daily needs. All these factors act as a barrier from achieving the targets of SDG 4, Target 1. Cultural Factors In the context of cultural factors, the traditional concept and the Islamic religion mainly influences the educational system in Pakistan. Apart from this, Pakistan mainly believes in providing education through Madressas system of education that is totally based on religious ideologies. Apart from this the country Pakistan is considered as a nation of gender inequality where the women are deprived of getting the basic education especially in the rural areas (Butz, 2015). Women in Pakistan also being dominated by the male culture and are also impeded their freedom and other rights. Moreover, in the rural areas women are not being allowed to go out of the house without any male person, and getting education outside their place is out of the context. Women also have a very low rate of percentage in participation in any societal context and in the areas of the northern parts mainly in the tribal areas; the people are against providing education to their girl children. However the situat ion is more critical in the areas of NWFP and in Baluchistan and literacy rate in that particular area is between 3-8%. This hinders the country from achieving the SDG four, Target one (Hk, Janoukov Moldan, 2016). One of the critical factors is that Government in that particular area did not take any measurable steps to promote education for all children and this had lead to the unequal treatment of boys and girls in Pakistan. In the year 2005, the Government of Pakistan decided to review to educational policy so that the basic education could be provided to all the students of Pakistan, but because of the cultural and social obstruction, the Government of Pakistan was not being able to achieve their targets mainly in the rural areas (Rabia, Rab Shahzadi, 2016). Structural factors In the context of Pakistan in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals four, target 1, there are large numbers of factors that are obstructing from achieving their goals and objectives. Various factors include basic infrastructure, social status and most important the educational system in Pakistan. It is important to note, women in Pakistan had to face many socio-cultural obstruction in terms of acquiring basic education (Mak, 2017). One of the major structural factors that obstructed the basic education in Pakistan is the lack of providing quality education to the students that is the schools in Pakistan is crowded with larger number of students that becomes difficult to provide the basic education. As per the World Bank, it has been stated that in a small classroom more than 80 students tend to study and it also becomes difficult for the teachers to give individual attention to the students (Hammad Singal, 2015). Apart from this, the teachers are not well educated or they do n ot have any proper training to teach the students that result in poor quality of teaching methods. This problem mainly faces by the students in the rural areas and this creates a major barrier from achieving the SDG 4, target 1. As per the report, it has been stated that in the year 1995, majority of the teachers were not being able to answer the basic question that was based on the grade four textbooks (Binzel Carvalho, 2017). Large number of school dropouts is one of the major structural factors that hinder the educational system in Pakistan and also obstructing the country from achieving the target. The basic reason behind the drop out of students is the increase in the family pressure to assist the family in order to increase the income of the family. Other factor that also includes in the obstruction of education includes unsatisfactory relations between the student and the teachers, poor economic condition in families and more. Apart from this, in the year 1970, the schools h ave been made nationalised without any involvement of the overall community has deteriorated the quality of education in Pakistan (Khan, Rehman Rehman, 2015). As per the UNESCO, it has been stated that all the developing countries should be provided with 4% of the GNP to be used for the purpose of education. In the case of Pakistan, it uses only 2.2% of the GNP on the education; this remains a crucial factor that obstructs the education system in Pakistan (Vandekinderen, Roets, Keer Roose, 2018). Moreover social status that is inequality between male and female also creates a barrier in the educational system that is in many parts of the countries, males are dominated by the female and people in the rural areas are mainly against women education. Critical Analysis The historical factors such as mainly the weak administrative system and less developed infrastructure mainly remains a strong barrier from achieving the sustainable development goals four, target 1 that ensures every children should be provided with free basic education by the year 2030 (Qazi, Raza, Jawaid Karim, 2018). However, the younger generation in Pakistan value for better quality education for women and moreover as Pakistan is an Islamic country, they mainly follow Islamic ideologies and also prefer their children to get education from the Madressas schools that follow Islamic principles. Apart from that, lack of educational infrastructure such as no proper educational system, untrained professionals provides a hinder in the educational system (Durrani Halai, 2018). Moreover, Pakistan is a male dominated country, where the women are being suppressed and dominated by the males and therefore in majority parts women are suppressed from getting the basic education. However, in the rural areas women are meant to stay at home and should do the household chores, therefore education is not required for women, and therefore only the male children should get the basic education (Durrani et al., 2017). This traditional and conservative thinking of the people in Pakistan hinders the country from achieving its main target related to education. However, despite the unlikelihood in achieving the SDG 4, Target 1, there are some successful stories that inspires that there is still hope Pakistan would be able to achieve their goals (Antoninis, Delprato Benavot, 2016). There is an increase in the number of private schools in Pakistan that ensures that about one-third of the children are going to school and beside that private schools have also been introduced in the rural areas. In the year 2011, the Prime Minister of Pakistan considered the year as Pakistan Year of Education that aims to give priority to education for better causes. Conclusion From the above report it could be concluded that Pakistan being a low income country lacks behind in providing basic education to the children and moreover, this has been an obstacle from achieving the SDG 4, T. Apart from this, there are many factors that acts as a barrier from achieving the goals by Pakistan that includes social inequality, poor economic condition in the country, poor infrastructure and more. Despite of all the negative factors, there are still some hopes that the country would be able to provide free and basic education to all the children in Pakistan References Akram, M., Afzal, U., Ramay, M. I. (2017). Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance: Evidence from Higher Education Sector of Pakistan.Global Management Journal for Academic Corporate Studies,7(1), 110. GMJACS Volume 7 Number 1 2017 https://gmjacs.bahria.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Volume-7-Number-1-9.pdf Antoninis, M., Delprato, M., Benavot, A. (2016). 10. Inequality in education: the challenge of measurement.World social science report, 2016: Challenging inequalities; pathways to a just world, 63. 978-92-3-100164-2 (print/pdf) Aziz, M., Bloom, D. E., Humair, S., Jimenez, E., Rosenberg, L., Sathar, Z. (2014).Education system reform in Pakistan: why, when, and how?(No. 76). IZA Policy Paper. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/91762 Binzel, C., Carvalho, J. P. (2017). Education, social mobility and religious movements: The Islamic revival in Egypt.The Economic Journal,127(607), 2553-2580. D10; D63; I24; J24; J62; O10; Z12; Z13 Butz, D. (2015). Education for development in northern Pakistan. Opportunities and constraints for rural households. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24585799 Dogar, A. H., Butt, T. M., Butt, I. H., Qaisar, S. (2015). Revisiting Pakistans Education System: Addressing the Key-Flaw.The Dialogue,10(4). Volume X Number 4 pp: 391 Durrani, N., Halai, A. (2018). Dynamics of gender justice, conflict and social cohesion: Analysing educational reforms in Pakistan.International Journal of Educational Development,61, 27-39. org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.11.010 Durrani, N., Halai, A., Kadiwal, L., Rajput, S. K., Novelli, M., Sayed, Y. (2017). Education and social cohesion in Pakistan. https://sro.sussex.ac.uk/67152/1/__smbhome.uscs.susx.ac.uk_dm50_Desktop_Pakistan%20Summary%20Report_March2017.pdf Hk, T., Janoukov, S., Moldan, B. (2016). Sustainable Development Goals: A need for relevant indicators.Ecological Indicators,60, 565-573. doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.003 Hammad, T., Singal, N. (2015). Education of women with disabilities in Pakistan: enhanced agency, unfulfilled aspirations.International Journal of Inclusive Education,19(12),1244-1264. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/248507/Hammad%20and%20Singal%202015%20International%20Journal%20of%20Inclusive%20Education.pdf?sequence=1 Khan, M. Z. U., Rehman, S., Rehman, C. A. (2015). Education and Income Inequality in Pakistan.Management Administrative Science Review,4(1), 134-45. Volume: 4, Issue: 1, Pages: 134-145 Mak, G. C. (2017).Women, Education and Development in Asia: Cross-National Perspectives. Routledge. ISBN 13: 978-0-815-30795-2 (hbk) Volume 12 Malik, N. A. (2017). Challenges to High School STEM Education in Pakistan.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,34(3), 307-309. doi.org/10.1002/sres.2413 Qazi, W., Raza, S. A., Jawaid, S. T., Karim, M. Z. A. (2018). Does expanding higher education reduce income inequality in emerging economy? Evidence from Pakistan.Studies in Higher Education,43(2), 338-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1172305 Rabia, M., Rab, M., Shahzadi, M. (2016).Female education in Pakistan. The Impact of Socioeconomic factors. Anchor Academic Publishing. PDF.e Book. ISBN: 978.3.96067.601.0 Vandekinderen, C., Roets, G., Van Keer, H., Roose, R. (2018). Tackling social inequality and exclusion in education: from human capital to capabilities.International Journal of Inclusive Education,22(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.136204

Operations Management in Southwest Airlines

Introduction Southwest Airlines was founded in 1976 and has its base at Dallas. The company has grown so much since its inception (Lee and Maxton, 2000). It is now serving fifty-nine airports and has three hundred and eighty one planes in operation. This expansion is ongoing and it is expected to grow further (Oldham, 1996). Southwest Airlines is well known for its number of offers and its uniqueness among other known airlines.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management in Southwest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These offers include the lowest fares among other airlines, its low costs, having the best labor relations, the level of asset usage that surpasses the rest and paying the highest wages to its staff. It seems to offer the best in everything! To some, the success of the company may be thought to have come from some malpractice from the side of management but in the contrary, everyth ing practiced there is legit. These are among the strategies that the airline has employed in order to achieve its success. It has also targeted and concentrated on markets that have been disregarded by other airlines as being unimportant. This paper will analyze the service delivery (and manufacturing process), identify what should be done to improve these processes and discuss the reasons why the Southwest Airlines is successful (Compart, 2009). Service delivery and manufacturing process One thing Southwest Airlines is known for in terms of service delivery is its very low fares. This has been made possible by the fact that the airline has targeted the middle-sized airports and hence experiences less competition. Less congestion in the airport also implies that service is fast. This helps eliminating queuing for services hence customer satisfaction (Blanco and Shimoda, 2005). The airline offers fares at competitive rates, provides swift and efficient service and hence encourages t ravelers to shift from other modes of transport including trains and vehicles to using air travel. This has led to the success of the airline in increasing the numbers of its passengers, which is one of the goals of the company. The company respects the customer’s choice and a passenger is allowed to leave the airport when they so desire. They operate more like buses. The passengers get to choose what time to leave and it is not the airline’s choice. This makes it very reliable and flexible and hence a choice for many.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another aspect that makes the services attractive is the fact that the hustle of getting ticket reservation and collection is eliminated. People only need to swipe their cards at a dispenser and it takes only about twenty seconds before they are good to go. Another advantage of boarding the Southwest Airlines is t hat there are no connection flights. This also means that there is no need to transfer baggage. This eliminates the hustles and bustles associated with other airlines. The airline has clearly defined its niche as being the commuters since such people usually need to go places for particular reasons and need to do so as quick as possible and with the least distractions as possible. Reasons for company’s success One of the reasons for the success of Southwest Airlines can be attributed to its great management, courtesy of its president and founder, Herb Kelleher. This leader has been very inspirational and has influenced the company by maintaining a good working environment. He also created strong and lasting culture at the workplace. The other reason for its success is the fact that the activities in the company, since inception, have been based on some specific success principles. The airline also readily embraces change but at the same time, tries to avoid change in order to avoid some risks. Some of its basic strategies employed when the company is considering change include those that specifically touch on either cutting its costs or increasing the number of its passengers. Among its strategies in fighting off competition with other big airlines is the employment of what may be referred to as a guerilla war. This involves being anywhere but where the other airlines are. This is the reason why the airline is situated far from where the other airlines are. This included targeting airports and routes that were avoided by other airlines. They stayed apart and maintained routes located far from the overused airports. The airports mainly targeted by the airlines include the middle-sized ones.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management in Southwest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategy of choosing mid-sized airports means that the airline faces less competi tion in terms of fares, faces less traffic and less congestion. With these conditions, the airline can easily compete with the other airlines by offering faster service and lower prices compared to the rest. Most of the flights by the company are short distance flights, which is avoided by other airlines. However, this strategy has worked for the airline since – in most of the airports it operates – it is the airlines with the largest number of passengers. Southwest Airlines has been identified for having the ability to enter a market and making it very profitable (Kaiser, 1997; Maxton, 1996). One example is given of a case where the airline established a new route between Oakland and Burbank in order to avoid other existing busy and congested routes (Mutzabaugh, 2011). Using its cheap fares, it was able to attract many passengers and made the route the 21st busiest, rising from the previous 200th position. Southwest Airlines has been regarded as not only competing wit h the airlines but with all other modes of transport including road and rail since they offer short trip flights (short-haul commuting). Another strategy employed by the airlines to ensure its success is the lack of a central base. There is no particular center of operations and its routes form a kind of a network that resembles a spider web. This way, the airline avoids the risks of being vulnerable to competition and consequently losing market. Southwest Airlines avoids several costs incurred by other airlines. One of them is the cost of selling tickets through agents since there is the payment of agents’ commissions. Another is the avoiding of costs incurred with the installation of computerized systems required to process reservations and other customer services.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To cut down on costs incurred in maintenance of aircrafts, Southwest Airlines invested on only one type of aircraft. This is the Boeing 737. This ensures the maintenance practices are made standard (Ivanovich, 2008). The airline also works with new aircraft rather than maintain old fleet that is not fuel-efficient (Lunsford, 2008; Koenig, 2005). Kelleher, the founder, has contributed a lot to the success of the company by leading by example. He has practiced the art of employee motivation and made the working environment conducive. When an employee works over time, Kelleher goes there in person to thank him or her. This way, he maintains good relationships with the employees. Once in a while, he goes and works with the employees, serving drinks, moving baggage and selling tickets in order to lead by example instead of leading by direction. Another aspect that the company employs in order to be successful is the involvement of the customers. The customers are allowed to give feedback about the services and this helps the company to make adjustments where needed. Both the manager and the employers make a point of interacting with the clients at a more personal way and the staff members are often known by their first names by the customers. This allows them to report about their likes and dislikes about the staff and this gives the company good grounds on dealing with any form of misconduct. Thousands of letters stream into the company’s office every month and the company takes every issue very seriously and answers all of them (Sartain, 1998). What should be done to improve the services Too much has been done by the company already and that explains why it is very successful. It has exploited every aspect of service delivery and has succeeded in making an impact both within and without the company. I would only recommend that the company with the same team spirit and hard work. Conclusion Southwest Airlines is a company that has grown over the many years and has been one of the most successful airlines around. This success has been attributed to many factors, some of them including the good management, good working conditions and good working principles. The customer service is amazing and this has led many customers to choose Southwest Airlines. References Blanco, C Shimoda, N 2005. Airlines hedging strategies: The shareholder value perspective. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Compart, A 2009. Southwest offers $170 Million for frontiers, The McGraw-Hill, New York. Ivanovich, D 2008. ‘Inspector: Southwest’s FAA ties let planes fly with cracks’, Houston Chronicles, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12-15. Kaiser, R 1997. ‘Southwest may add cities to Iceland deal’, Baltimore Business Journal, vol. 15, no.1, p 131. Koenig, D 2005. ‘Airlines that hedged against fuel costs reap benefits’, The Washington Post, 21 October, p. 3. Lee, C Maxton, T 2000. ‘Southwest to announce expansion at the Love Fields $72 million project would add jobs, but no more flights’, The Dallas Morning News, 13 March, p.2. Lunsford, J 2008. ‘Airlines dip into hot water to save jet fuel’, Wall Street Journal, vol. 4, no. 3, pp 102-107. Maxton, T 1996. ‘Council OKs Southwest land lease Headquarters addition, training center planned’, The Dallas Morning News, 14 March, p. 4. Mutzabaugh, B 2011. ‘Oakland gets Mexico City nonstop on Volaris’, USA Today, 22 August, p.1. Oldham, J 1996. ‘Southwest Airlines expands its corporate headquarters to prepare for the next century’, Business Wire, 11 December, p.7. Sartain, L 1998. ‘Why and how Southwest Airlines uses consultants’, Journal of Management consulting, vol.21, no.3, pp.10-16. This report on Operations Management in Southwest Airlines was written and submitted by user Kayden Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Use of Animals for Biomedical Research essays

Use of Animals for Biomedical Research essays Animal testing has been a hotly debated topic for many years among animal rights activists and scientists. Although research scientists claim that there are many benefits that can result from animal testing, it is, nonetheless, cruel and harmful to the animals involved. Many of these animals are taken out of shelters and used for science experiments instead of having a chance to reside in a home with people who genuinely care about them. Scientists and researchers believe that testing trial product chemicals on an animal will benefit humans in the long run since they don't have to suffer the harsh side effects that the animals have to suffer while In Carl Cohen's article "Do Animals Have Rights," he talks about his opinion on animal rights and how he believes that animals do not have rights for many reasons. In regards to animal testing and biomedical research, Cohen casts off any idea that animals would come out on top in this argument and makes the claim that we as people have the duty to protect our fellow people of the world and conduct experiments to "alleviate human suffering and protect human lives." Cohen argues that animals have no rights for the sheer fact that animals do not have moral claims and obligations in which people can base these rights off of. According to Cohen since animals cannot possess rights, they do not have any rights, and we are not violating any of their rights when we use them for biomedical research because they never had any rights to begin with. He also believes that animals "lack the capacity for free moral judgment,"there fore they are unable to respond to moral claims. If it came down to saving the life of a dog and saving the life of a human, the obvious morally right choice without a question would be saving the human life. Although he thinks it is wrong for animals to suffer and obviously they should not purposely be suffering for any ra...

What exactly makes a good counsellor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What exactly makes a good counsellor - Essay Example All a counselor does is dealing and communicating with human beings in need of help and guidance. Therefore, a good counselor should be a compassionate human, a gentle friend and a sympathetic listener, before every other thing. The role of counseling today is evidently on the rise in every walk of life, whether it is work, health, family, personal, social or individual lives of human beings.This paper provides an investigation into the core traits or characteristics that conjure up, in the truest sense, the picture of a good counselor.For this purpose, the paper provides a brief exploration of the term 'counseling' to illustrate what the role of counsellor actually entails and then proceeds to the crux of the discussion, i.e., an evaluation of the essential features that make a good counselor in any field.Counselling, fundamentally is a term used to refer to the collaboration of a person with other people to help them easily cope with the problems encountered in life and guide them to act decisively and hopefully towards their goals. As Burks and Stefflre (1979, p14) define it,"Counseling denotes a professional relationship between a trained counsellor and a client. This relationship is usually person-to-person designed to help clients to understand and clarify their views of their life space, and to learn to reach their self-determined goals through meaningful, well-informed choices and through resolution of problems of an emotional or interpersonal nature". Hence, the authors' words mentioned above comprehensively pen down the complete picture of a counsellor's role and responsibility in effectuating significance and instigating substance into one's life. The main purpose of the counselling profession revolves around the word 'help', i.e., whatever the counsellor does is meant only to help, assist or guide a person or client to bring about change in his life in a successful or at least in a satisfied and confident fashion. Man-tak Yuen (1993, p30) depict that, "in counselling, the client is helped to increase self-consciousness, develop positive self-concept, commit in relationships, achieve in tasks, and strive for meanings in life". What Makes A Good Counsellor At the essence of this paper is the exploration of the aspects crucial for the development of a good counsellor. Observed efficaciously, there appears to be a bundle of attributes that the researchers (e.g. Man-tak Yuen (1993), Combs, Richard and Richard (1976), and Peavy (1997) etc.) point out to be essential in building a good counsellor. What actually is pre-eminent in becoming a good counsellor is a cluster of human, social and professional values instigated into a single personality. These specific qualities or features, as they may be referred to, are important in developing the personality of the counsellor to the extent that he can be able to guide others in an efficient and responsible manner. Some of these dimensions have been specified by Man-tak Yuen (1993, p32) as "positive self-concept, belief in human dignity and potentiality, acuity, and counsellors' capacities to orientate towards goal and communicate respect, empathy, genuineness and concreteness are essential personal qualities of an effective counsellor". All these qualities are, in essence, personal and human qualities that are imperative for a counsellor for the reason that if he lacks these traits for himself, there will remain less probability that he inspires these attributes into other human beings. In order to help clients invigorate effective personal qualities into their lives, the counsellor needs to experience these values primarily. People are different in their backgrounds, approaches, thoughts, feelings, attitudes and responses. To know how to communicate and help different kind of people, a good counsellor should be ready to learn to dig out the perceptions of people he comes across. Combs, Richard and Richard (1976) (as cited in Man-tak Yuen, 1993, p30) explain this as, "when we know how people see themselves, much of their behaviours become clear to us, and often we can predict with great accuracy what they are likely to do next".

Theories and Models of Journalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theories and Models of Journalism - Essay Example The theory of the spiral of silence was proposed by Neumann in 1974 (Spiral of silence, 2010). Through this theory, she attempted to examine the reasons for the misjudgment of the Germans towards their political leaders and political positions, and felt she could find a reason for the support of the Germans for such political positions as would result in their social degradation and humiliation (Spiral of silence, 2010). This theory essentially concerns itself with public opinion and the expression of that opinion. It claims that the expression of public opinion is dependent on three factors, which basically form the psychological basis of the general public: the public has a sixth sense about popular beliefs and the direction of opinion without having access to any official reports (Spiral of silence, 2010); they are fearful of being neglected and socially isolated (Spiral of silence, 2010); and due to this fear, they are very reserved when it comes to expressing minority beliefs an d opinions, choosing rather to remain quiet or change their opinion towards the popular form than to adhere to their minority opinions (Spiral of silence, 2010). Banking on these three factors, the mass media tends to direct the public opinion towards a specific direction, favoring a specific side to an issue. Therefore, it is not necessary that whatever the media depicts is true of the general opinion. Moreover, some people might actually base their opinions on what the mass media is projecting (Spiral of silence, 2010). The other theory to be considered is the theory of political economy, or as it is more recently known, the International Political Economy (Timimi, 2010). This theory basically explains the relationship between economics and politics, and the way economics is handled across borders on an international level between states and nations in terms of trade and social sciences (Timimi, 2010). However, recently, this theory has also been applied to the mass media and jour nalism when it was felt that the mass media was playing a very important role, and somewhat beyond its perceived area of operation, in portraying the interests and supporting the cause of a certain group in the national politics (McChesney, 1989). Although it is believed that the media is supposed to be autonomous and unbiased, depicting the truth as it is, it is often felt that the actual case is somewhat different, in that the media is inclined towards the ruling elite, and favors their agenda (McChesney, 1989). This is in no way an accusation of a conspiracy theory being played by the media (McChesney, 1989); it is just an analysis of the bias and inclination that the media tends to have towards a certain agenda or political party, and therefore, influences the public opinion by projecting in favor of that party (McChesney, 1989). For the purpose of analysis and application of these theories, the online version of the Daily Times has been discussed in light of these two theories. First the homepage will be analyzed, and then two articles linked to the homepage will be examined. The homepage of the Daily Times, dated January 4, 2012, contains the headlines about the decision of the Prime Minister of Pakistan regarding the creation of new provinces. It also has links to articles that fuel the current and ongoing struggle between the three main political parties of the region for the upcoming elections (Daily Times, 2012). The spiral of silence theorists might object to

Decline in sales at Fischer Holmes

Decline in sales at Fischer Holmes 1.0 Introduction: 1.0.1 Purpose and Background: The purpose of this report is to determine the cause of the decline in sales at Fischer Holmes and to recommend possible solutions to the prevalent problems. This report is in response to the declining sales of the last 8 months. By compiling data gathered from psychological tests undertaken by sales staff over the same periods in the past 4 years and comparing this with the sales figures of the respective periods, we have come up a graph shown in appendix 1.The graph indicates a direct relation with the morale of the sales staff and the decline in sales. The drop in morale seems to have started when FH underwent company-wide restructuring a year ago. This restructuring led to untrained sales agents gaining promotion to sales manager. 1.0.2 Scope: Discuss and analyze each problem individually: How and why the specific problems have occurred. Recommendations will also be discussed individually per problem: What will recommend needs to be done to rectify the problem. 1.0.3 Methodology: Observe the work area and how personnel interact with each other. Examine all personnel records and employment histories of sales staff. Conduct interviews and psychological evaluations with sales personnel. 2.0Background: Name of company, purpose, year established, countries which it operates in. 3.0 Results and Recommendations: 3.1 Downward Communication 3.1.0Problems: The problems we have encountered include poor downward communication in general from sales managers to agents and also poor downward communication by managers during team meetings. 3.1.1Analysis: From the collection of data we, as a company, hypothesize that the promotion of these managers without appropriate management skills and training has resulted in a lack of concern and care for their subordinates. Further to this, it has been discovered that managers are predominantly using fear to generate desired sales. This becomes apparent in team meetings, where the managers clear lack of managerial competence becomes obvious through the agents forcefulness towards sales staff in an attempt to make more sales. Psychological data gathered shows that sales agents morale is at their lowest after team meetings. We further theorize that this overall negative attitude of several sales managers has resulted in lack of motivation and increase of absenteeism amongst the sales agents; which has led to their dismal performances. 3.1.2Recommendations: We have come up with a number of solutions to combat these workplace problems and have compiled them in a list as follows: Conduct an in-depth analysis of the sales managers current skills to determine their managerial traits and ability to lead a sales team. We Recommend that those found fit will undergo individual coaching by People Bridge and those found unfit will attend a comprehensive management skills training workshop and will also undergo individual coaching. Conduct meeting facilitation workshop focusing on creating an agenda and motivation of a sales team. Have a â€Å"People Bridge† consultant sit in during the first few sales team meetings as a follow-up step. All sales managers will undergo communication skills workshop. Have all managers join Toastmasters Clubs in their area as a follow-up on communication skills training. 3.2 Upward Communication 3.2.0 Problem: Another main problem we have encountered is the poor upward communication by sales agents who have not been submitting their sales reports to their sales managers and also the poor upward communication by sales managers in submitting â€Å"guesswork† reports to higher management. 3.2.1 Analysis: From conducting this investigation, People Bridge hasfound that sales managers do not have concern for the importance of the data provided in their agents sales reports. We have observed that sales managers seldom require their agents to submit their reports. In a survey conducted on the sales agents, we found that 89% of the agents did not know the proper format of a sales report and that 76% did not know that they were required to submit a sales report. We have also observed that FH does not utilize a contact resource management (CRM) system.YOU NEED TO EXPLAIN WHAT A CRM IS AND WHAT IT DOES!!! We further theorize that sales managers will often submit â€Å"guesswork† reports to higher management. This is due sales managers inability to recognize sales reports from their agents and therefore go to higher management for support. In a related survey, 100% of the sales managers submit their reports but the apparently wrong information submitted by the sales managers may have led management to misread the market and come up with ineffective strategies to augment company sales. 3.2.2 Recommendations: People Bridge has come up with several solutions have been found to fix these problems. These include: Employing a free web-based CRM and make it compulsory for the sales team to use. Coach higher management on how to use the CRM to monitor all sales activity. By doing this we hope to encourage the sales agents and managers to do their reports. Conduct training to all necessary personnel on how to use the CRM. Conduct refresher sales training for existing sales agents focusing on the importance of reports. Conduct data analysis training for sales managers. Purchase permanent CRM if necessary. 4.1 Recommendation Summary and Conclusion: Our recommendationspredominantly focus on the sales managers and how to bring them up to the competency level FH requires. Complementary trainings and coaching needs to be scheduled for higher management and the sales agents in order to support the activities for the sales managers and get the business back on track. We have divided the recommendations as follows: Analyse Conduct an in-depth analysis of the sales managers managerial skills, reporting habits and attitudes to determine proper courses of actions. Trainings, Workshops and Coaching This is to arm all necessary personnel with proper skills, habits and attitudes to ensure every employee is equipped to perform their task. Software Application (CRM) This is to create a quick, effective and easy reporting environment that higher management can utilize to monitor what transpires in the sales department. It is apparent that the main problem is the inability of sales managers to communicate and lead their teams. Therefore, it is imperative that we train the sales managers immediately and that the avenues of communications (CRM, meetings, etc.) be utilized properly. By doing this, we will be able to regain your â€Å"lost ground† in sales.